What is IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)?
Today thousands of children are born every year with the help of this procedure. IVF is a way or method of 'fertilization' available to couples who cannot conceive by other means. Many couples are having the joy of having children using 'IVF'. Four primary steps are involved to carry out this procedure :-
#1) Ovulation Induction : To perform IVF, the first and foremost precondition is a number of (generally 8 to 15) healthy and high quality eggs from the woman. The doctor examines the health of the ovaries to assess whether they are producing normal healthy eggs, check whether levels of hormones are normal.
The next important thing is the monitoring of your 'ovulation cycle' by the doctor. Any irregularity detected is first treated with medications. Usually, most women need 'fertility medicines' to stimulate production of eggs by the ovaries. If the woman cannot produce any eggs then the solution is 'donor eggs'.
#2) Egg Retrieval : Eggs develop in fluid filled structures in the ovaries named 'follicles' and remain loosely attached to the follicle wall. During the retrieval process pain relieving medications are applied to avoid discomfort to the woman. Sometimes 'anesthesia medications are used also so that the woman doesn't feel anything during this process.
Then, with the help of ultrasound guidance a very thin needle is passed through the upper vaginal wall into the ovaries. Fluid is collected from the follicles and the eggs are isolated from the fluid in the IVF lab. The eggs are then identified and placed in culture dish containing nutrient media and placed in IVF incubators' under ideal environmental conditions.
#3) Fertilization and Embryo Culture : Next thing to be done in this procedure is fertilization of the egg. A sperm sample is collected either from the partner or a donor. Under standard insemination approximately 50,000 to 100,000 sperms are transferred to the dish containing the eggs and mixed with the eggs in a special chamber.
Now they are monitored. Fertilization takes place in approximately 16 to 18 hours and the fertilized eggs are called 'zygotes'. After two/ three days sufficient number of healthy embryos are selected and transferred to the next stage for further development called 'blastocyst'. This stage of culture has higher potential for implantation and considerably reduces chance of 'multiple pregnancy'.
A lab grading system is used by the embryologist to decide on which and how many healthiest embryos are to be selected for implantation based on their development and appearance.
#4) Transfer and Implantation :
This is the last and final step of 'In Vitro Fertilization' procedure. Day 3 embryos contain approximately 4 to 8 cells and are called 'cleavage stage embryos'. Whereas, Day 5 embryos are called 'blastocyst embryos' and they are more developed and have increased size. Embryo transfer is a simple procedure and doesn't involve any 'anesthesia'. They are transferred via a soft catheter through the cervix into the uterine cavity. Generally Doctors advise one or two days rest after successful completion of IVF.
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